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Registered businesses charge Value Added Tax (VAT) on their sales. This is known as output VAT and the sales are referred to as outputs.
Similarly VAT is charged on most goods and services purchased by the business. This is known as input VAT.
There are three rates: standard which applies to most goods and services, reduced rate for some goods and services such as home energy and zero rate goods and services, for example, most food and children's clothes.
Some supplies are exempt from VAT for example postage stamps, financial and insurance transactions.
A business is required to register for VAT if the value of taxable supplies exceeds the annual registration limit.
Standard: 20%
Reduced: 5%
Annual Registration Limit (1.4.25 to 31.3.26): £90,000
Annual Deregistration Limit (1.4.25 to 31.3.26): £88,000
12 Sep 2025
The Treasury Committee has stated that the government has 'not heeded warnings' that the Lifetime ISA requires reform.
11 Sep 2025
The government's Budget Board must focus on easing the cost of doing business, says the Institute of Directors (IoD).
10 Sep 2025
MPs were recently told that four million calls to HMRC go unanswered each year, risking 'undermining compliance and the government's revenue targets'.